Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenges in the Developing World reviews the evidence on key interventions that could greatly improve birth outcomes in developing countries.  (In this report, a successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother.) This report reviews the available statistics on major causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity and of fetal loss, summarizes current knowledge and practice with regard to a healthy pregnancy, and identifies cost-effective opportunities for improving birth outcomes.