Although the burden is greatest for the developing world, infectious diseases are a growing threat to all nations. However, the same globalizing forces that create such rampant opportunity for pathogens also can provide mechanisms for innovative, global efforts to control infectious diseases. A new network of international public health partners is emerging.

Multinational partnerships are contributing to the increased availability of drugs and vaccines, the development of healthcare infrastructures in developing countries, and better public health education programs worldwide. The global proliferation of technology and information has the potential to improve the identification, surveillance, containment, and treatment of disease in both developed and developing countries. Growing international cooperation may lead to more robust and transparent reporting regarding disease outbreaks and control efforts. Distance learning, training, and research exchange programs are creating improved access for scientific and medical professionals.

On April 16 and 17, 2002, the Forum on Microbial Threats conducted a working group discussion on the influence of globalization on the emergence and control of infectious diseases. Through invited presentations and attendee discussion, the Forum workshop explored

• the impact of increasingly integrated trade, economic development, human movement, and cultural exchange on patterns of disease emergence;
• identified opportunities for countering the effects of globalization on infectious diseases; examined the scientific evidence supporting current and potential global strategies; and
• considered newly available response methods and tools available for use by private industry, public health agencies, regulatory agencies, policymakers, and academic researchers.

During the last session of the workshop, Forum members, panel discussants, and the audience commented on issues and next steps that they consider priority areas for action. This report is a summary of that workshop.